Leadership plays a critical role in shaping the effectiveness of educational institutions and influencing teacher performance. School leaders establish organizational culture, motivate staff, allocate resources, and create environments conducive to teaching and learning. Different leadership styles, including transformational, transactional, instructional, democratic, servant, and distributed leadership, have varying impacts on teacher motivation, job satisfaction, professional development, and classroom effectiveness. This study investigates the relationship between leadership styles and teacher performance through a comprehensive review of educational leadership theories and empirical research. Findings reveal that transformational and instructional leadership styles positively influence teacher commitment, innovation, and instructional quality. Conversely, authoritarian leadership approaches may negatively affect morale and productivity. The study concludes that effective leadership is a key determinant of teacher performance and overall school success. Educational institutions should invest in leadership development programs that foster collaborative, supportive, and learner-centered leadership practices.