E-learning has emerged as a transformative approach to education, enabling learners to access knowledge beyond traditional classroom boundaries. In developing countries, e-learning offers significant potential for improving educational accessibility, reducing geographical barriers, and supporting lifelong learning. However, challenges such as inadequate technological infrastructure, digital inequality, limited internet connectivity, and insufficient digital literacy continue to hinder widespread adoption. This study examines the factors influencing e-learning adoption in developing countries and evaluates the opportunities and barriers associated with implementation. Using a mixed-method research approach involving surveys and interviews with 600 students and educators from developing nations, the study identifies technological readiness, institutional support, learner motivation, and socioeconomic factors as key determinants of successful e-learning adoption. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, educational institutions, and technology providers seeking to expand digital learning ecosystems.